Fibroids are growths of tissue that are usually found in the wall of the uterus, or womb. They are made of a mixture of muscle tissue from the uterus and threadlike fibres of connective tissue. They are among the most common tumours in women. These growths aren't associated with cancer. The Medical names for a fibroid are leiomyoma, myoma, and fibromyoma.
They are one of the most common tumours found in women during their reproductive years. As many as three out of four women have fibroids, but most are unaware of them. Your doctor may discover them incidentally during a pelvic exam or prenatal ultrasound. Fibroids cause symptoms for about one in four women, most frequently during their 30s or 40s. But surprisingly they are the single most common cause for hysterectomy, being responsible for somewhere between 20% and 77% of all hysterectomies performed.
Uterine fibroids originate from the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. A single cell reproduces repeatedly, eventually creating a pale, firm, rubbery mass distinct from neighboring tissue. Fibroids range in size from seedlings, undetectable by the human eye, to bulky masses that can distort and enlarge the uterus. They can be single or multiple, in extreme cases expanding the uterus so much that it reaches the rib cage.
The names of fibroids reflect their orientation to the uterine wall. Basically, fibroids can be classified into four types. They are:
Intracavitary Myomas- These fibroids are present inside the cavity of the uterus. They usually cause bleeding between periods and often cause severe cramping.
Submucous Myomas- They are present partially in the cavity and partially in the wall of the uterus. They too can cause heavy menstrual periods as well as bleeding between periods.
Intramural Myomas- These fibroids are in the wall of the uterus, and can range in size from microscopic to larger than a grapefruit. Many of these do not cause problems unless they become quite large. There are a number of alternatives for treating these, but often they do not need any treatment at all.
Subserous Myomas- They are on the outside wall of the uterus. A fibroid may even be connected to the uterus by a stalk. These do not need treatment unless they grow large, but they can twist and cause pain
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