A hernia is an abnormal protrusion, or bulging out, of part of an organ through the tissues that normally contain it. A hernia may develop in almost any part of the body; however, the muscles of the abdominal wall are most commonly affected. In this condition, a weak spot or opening in a body wall, often due to laxity of the muscles, allows part of the organ to protrude. Hernias by themselves usually are harmless, but nearly all have a potential risk of having their blood supply cut off (becoming strangulated). If the hernia sac contents have their blood supply cut off at the hernia opening in the abdominal wall, it becomes a medical and surgical emergency. There are many different types of abdominal wall hernias.
The signs and symptoms of a hernia can range from noticing a painless lump to the painful, tender, swollen protrusion of tissue that one is unable to push back into the abdomen-possibly a strangulated hernia. A gap in the abdominal wall is not normally a problem in itself; it is the bulge of intestine that fills the gap that can potentially cause complications. Whether you feel severe pain or none whatsoever, it is important to have a hernia treated as quickly as possible. Every move you make puts more pressure on the internal tissues, forcing them further out of the gap. This enlarges both the gap and the bulge. If left untreated, a large part of the intestine can move inside the hernia.
In the case of an incarcerated hernia, the intestine gets trapped inside the hernia and is not able to come out. This causes a bowel obstruction, which results in severe groin pain, abdominal distension and vomiting. If it remains in the hernia too long, the blood supply can be cut off and the intestine can die, leading to a dangerous, sometimes fatal, strangulated hernia. Sometimes symptoms like nausea and vomiting may accompany pain. These are actually signs of bowel obstruction. Fortunately, with early treatment, the development of incarcerated and strangulated hernias is now quite rare.
Care at home
Once the patient is back at home, it is important to keep the incision clean and dry. The physician will give specific bathing instructions. If stitches or surgical staples are used, they will be removed during a follow-up office visit. If adhesive strips are used, they should be kept dry and generally will fall off within a few days.
The incision and the abdominal muscles may ache, especially after long periods of standing. Pain relievers for soreness can be taken as recommended by the physician.
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